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1.
Trends psychiatry psychother. (Impr.) ; 36(1): 52-58, Jan-Mar/2014. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-707279

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Day hospitals in psychiatry are a major alternative to inpatient care today, acting as key components of community and social psychiatry. Objective: To study trends in the use of psychiatric day hospitals over the last decades of the 20th century and the first decade of the 21st century, focusing on patient age, sex, and diagnostic group, using data from Centro Hospitalar São João, Porto, Portugal. METHODS: Data corresponding to years 1970 to 2009 were collected from patient files. Patients were classified into seven diagnostic groups considering their primary diagnoses only. RESULTS: Mean age upon admission rose from 32.7±12.1 years in the second half of the 1970s to 43.5±12.2 years in 2005-2009 (p for trend < 0.001). Most patients were female (63.2%), however their proportion decreased from nearly 70% in the 1970s to 60% in the first decade of the 21st century. In males, until the late 1980s, neurotic disorders (E) were the most common diagnosis, accounting for more than one third of admissions. In the subsequent years, this proportion decreased, and the number of admissions for schizophrenia (C) exceeded 50% in 2004- 2009. In females, until the late 1980s, affective disorders (D) and neurotic disorders (E), similarly distributed, accounted for most admissions. From the 1990s on, the proportion of neurotic disorders (E) substantially decreased, and affective disorders (D) came to represent more than 50% of all admissions. CONCLUSIONS: Mean age upon admission rose with time, as did the percentage of female admissions, even though the latter tendency weakened in the last 10 years assessed. There was also an increase in the proportion of patients with schizophrenia. .


INTRODUÇÃO: Os hospitais de dia em psiquiatria representam atualmente uma das principais alternativas ao internamento, atuando como componentes chave na psiquiatria comunitária e social. OBJETIVO: Avaliar tendências na utilização de um hospital de dia no período compreendido entre as últimas décadas do século 20 e a primeira década do século 21, com foco em idade, sexo e grupo diagnóstico, usando dados do Centro Hospitalar São João, Porto, Portugal. MÉTODOS: Dados correspondentes aos anos 1970 a 2009 foram coletados dos prontuários clínicos. Os pacientes foram classificados em sete grupos diagnósticos, tendo em conta o diagnóstico principal. Resultados: A idade média na admissão aumentou de 32.7±12.1 anos na segunda metade da década de 1970 para 43.5±12.2 anos em 2005-2009 (p < 0.001). A maioria dos pacientes era do sexo feminino (63.2%), no entanto sua proporção diminuiu de cerca de 70% na década de 1970 para 60% na primeira década do século 21. Nos homens, até o final dos anos 1980, o grupo das perturbações neuróticas (E) era o diagnóstico mais comum, representando mais de um terço das admissões. Durante os anos seguintes, essa proporção diminuiu, e o número de admissões por esquizofrenia (C) alcançou mais de 50% no período de 2004-2009. Nas mulheres, até o final dos anos 1980, as perturbações afetivas (D) e as perturbações neuróticas (E), distribuídas similarmente, respondiam pela maioria das admissões. A partir dos anos 1990, a proporção das perturbações neuróticas (E) diminuiu substancialmente, e as perturbações afetivas (D) passaram a corresponder a mais de 50% do total das admissões. Conclusões: A idade média na admissão ...


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Child , Female , Humans , Male , Young Adult , Adenoma/genetics , Germ-Line Mutation , Neoplastic Syndromes, Hereditary/genetics , Serine Endopeptidases/genetics , Thyroid Neoplasms/genetics , Adenoma/metabolism , Adenoma/pathology , Genetic Predisposition to Disease , Pedigree , Sequence Analysis, DNA , Serine Endopeptidases/metabolism , Thyroid Neoplasms/metabolism , Thyroid Neoplasms/pathology
2.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop ; 40(6): 643-647, nov.-dez. 2007. graf, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-471344

ABSTRACT

A infecção do trato urinário é uma das afecções mais comuns da clínica médica, sendo mandatório o conhecimento epidemiológico da mesma e do perfil de sensibilidade dos agentes etiológicos. O estudo teve como objetivo identificar os agentes etiológicos mais freqüentes e o perfil de sensibilidade aos antimicrobianos das bactérias isoladas de uroculturas de pacientes ambulatoriais atendidos no Hospital Universitário de Brasília no período de 2001 a 2005. Foram analisadas 2.433 uroculturas positivas realizadas no laboratório de microbiologia do Hospital Universitário de Brasília. A Escherichia coli foi a bactéria mais isolada (62,4 por cento), seguida de Klebsiella pneumoniae (6,8 por cento) e Proteus mirabillis (4,7 por cento). A Escherichia coli apresentou maior sensibilidade à amicacina (98,6 por cento), gentamicina (96,2 por cento), nitrofurantoína (96,3 por cento), e às quinolonas ciprofloxacina (90,9 por cento) e norfloxacina (89,8 por cento), com baixa sensibilidade ao sulfametoxazol-trimetoprima (50,6 por cento). As outras bactérias apresentaram similar padrão de sensibilidade. Em conclusão, a Escherichia coli foi a bactéria mais isolada, sendo altamente sensível aos amiglicosídeos, nitrofurantoína e quinolonas.


Urinary tract infection is among the most common infectious diseases in clinical medicine, and knowledge of its epidemiology and the sensitivity profile of the etiological agents is mandatory. The aim of this study was to identify the most frequent etiological agents and the profile of sensitivity to antimicrobial agents of the bacteria isolated from urine cultures from outpatients at the University Hospital of Brasília between 2001 and 2005. From analyses at the hospital’s microbiology laboratory, there were 2,433 positive urine cultures. Escherichia coli was the most commonly isolated bacteria (62.4 percent), followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (6.8 percent) and Proteus mirabilis (4.7 percent). Escherichia coli showed the highest sensitivity to amikacin (98.6 percent), gentamicin (96.2 percent), nitrofurantoin (96.3 percent) and the quinolones ciprofloxacin (90.9 percent) and norfloxacin (89.8 percent), with low sensitivity to sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (50.6 percent). The others bacteria presented similar sensitivity profiles. In conclusion, Escherichia coli was the most commonly isolated bacteria, and it was highly sensitive to aminoglycosides, nitrofurantoin and quinolones.


Subject(s)
Humans , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Gram-Negative Bacteria/drug effects , Gram-Positive Bacteria/drug effects , Urinary Tract Infections/epidemiology , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Brazil/epidemiology , Community-Acquired Infections/drug therapy , Community-Acquired Infections/epidemiology , Community-Acquired Infections/microbiology , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Prevalence , Urinary Tract Infections/drug therapy , Urinary Tract Infections/microbiology
4.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop ; 37(2): 128-130, mar. 2004. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-357448

ABSTRACT

Foi realizado xenodiagnóstico artificial, imediatamente e quatro horas após a coleta do sangue, em 63 pacientes, sendo 29 (46 por cento) do sexo masculino e 34 (54 por cento) do sexo feminino. A idade mínima foi 18 anos e a máxima 68, sendo a idade média 39 anos. Onze (17,5 por cento) pacientes apresentaram resultados positivos, sendo 8 (12,7 por cento) no exame imediato e 7 (11,1 por cento) no exame 4 horas após. Os oito pacientes do exame imediato apresentaram 17 pools positivos e os sete do xenodiagnóstico de quatro horas mostraram 11 pools positivos (p =0,34). Quatro pacientes foram positivos exclusivamente no xenodiagnóstico imediato, três somente no exame de 4 horas e quatro positivos em ambos. Os dados autorizam realizar o xenodiagnóstico, até quatro horas após a extração do sangue, sem prejuízo no resultado do exame.


Subject(s)
Animals , Adolescent , Middle Aged , Adult , Humans , Male , Female , Chagas Disease , Xenodiagnosis , Evaluation Study , Time Factors , Triatominae , Trypanosoma cruzi
5.
Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz ; 96(6): 823-826, Aug. 2001. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-298599

ABSTRACT

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was compared with xenodiagnosis performed 20 years after trypanocidal chemotherapy to investigate parasite clearance. Eighty-five seropositive individuals for Chagas disease presenting a positive xenodiagnosis were treated with specific drugs; 37 in the acute phase and 48 in the chronic phase. Fifteen chronic assymptomatic patients received a placebo. Treatment in the acute phase led to PCR negative results in 73 percent of the cases, while xenodiagnosis was negative in 86 percent. In the chronic phase, PCR was negative in 65 percent of the patients and 83 percent led to xenodiagnosis negative results. Regarding the untreated group (placebo), 73 percent gave negative results by xenodiagnosis, of which 36 percent were positive by PCR. Individuals that were considered seronegative (n=10), presented unequivocally negative results in the PCR demonstrating the elimination of parasite DNA. Seventeen individuals had their antibodies titers decreased to such a level that the final results were considered as doubtful and 16 of them presented negative PCR. The molecular method represents a clear advantage over conventional techniques to demonstrate persistent infections in Chagas disease patients that underwent chemotherapy


Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Chagas Disease/parasitology , Acute Disease , Chagas Disease/drug therapy , Chi-Square Distribution , Chronic Disease , DNA, Kinetoplast/analysis , Follow-Up Studies , Hepatitis D, Chronic , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Sensitivity and Specificity , Trypanocidal Agents/therapeutic use , Xenodiagnosis
6.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop ; 33(2): 191-6, mar.-abr. 2000. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-274351

ABSTRACT

Doze pacientes com idades entre 7 a 12 anos, na forma indeterminada da doença de Chagas, com sorologia e xenodiagnóstico positivos, receberam tratamento específico. Dois pacientes tomaram 7mg/kg de nifurtimox durante 60 e 90 dias e 10 usaram 5-7mg/kg de benznidazol durante 60 dias. A evoluçäo clínica foi verificada através de exame clínico, eletrocardiograma, exame radiológico contrastado do esôfago. Após o tratamento somente uma (8,3 por cento) paciente apresentou todos os exames negativos. Oito deles foram avaliados após oito anos do tratamento e 4 acompanhados durante 20 anos. Sete (58,4 por cento) permaneceram na forma indeterminada e 4 (33,3 por cento) chagásicos progrediram clinicamente para cardiopatia grau II e/ou esofagopatia, apesar do tratamento precoce. Säo necessários estudos com maior número de crianças na fase indeterminada e acompanhamento a longo prazo para se estabelecer a influência do tratamento específico na evoluçäo da doença de Chagas


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Chagas Disease/drug therapy , Trypanosoma cruzi/drug effects , Chronic Disease , Clinical Evolution , Chagas Disease/complications , Esophageal Diseases/etiology , Chagas Cardiomyopathy/etiology , Nifurtimox/pharmacology , Nifurtimox/therapeutic use , Nitroimidazoles/pharmacology , Nitroimidazoles/therapeutic use
7.
Brasília; s.n; 2000. 126 p. ilus, tab.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-317030

ABSTRACT

Este trabalho teve como objetivo estudar a eficácia a longo prazo do tratamento específico da Doença de Chagas nas suas fases aguda e crônica na forma indeterminada...


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Chagas Disease/drug therapy , Trypanosoma cruzi , Acute Disease , Chronic Disease , Chagas Disease/epidemiology , Chagas Disease/prevention & control , Pharmaceutical Preparations/administration & dosage , Time Factors , Treatment Outcome , Trypanosoma cruzi
8.
Medicina (B.Aires) ; 59(supl.2): 176-8, 1999.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-242253

ABSTRACT

The evaluation of the treatment for chronic Chagas disease faces the absence of any clear-cut criterion of cure. The low degree of parasitemia and the persistence of positive immunologic reactions represent some of the difficulties involved in addressing therapeutic efficacy. Our aim was to define whether PCR could be used as a laboratory method for evaluating cure in Chagas disease after specific treatment. We tested the utility of PCR amplification of the variable regions of minicircles from Trypanosoma cruzi kinetoplast DNA, in 76 xenopositive chronic Brazilian patients who been treated with benznidazole in Mambai (Goias State) and São Felipe (Bahia State). We observed a positive amplification result in only 25 out 76 treated patients (33 per cent). Therefore, the performance of one single PCR after therapy revealed parasite clearance in 67 per cent of the treated individuals, while xenodiagnosis was negative in 84 per cent. These observations suggest that PCR is the most sensitive technique available for directed detection of T. cruzi in chagasic patients and that it can be a very useful instrument for the follow-up of patients after specific chemotherapy. In this sense, we are now developing a quatitative approach based on the use of fluorogenic probes and reat-time measurements of the amplification reaction (TacMan Technology) in order to precisely estimate the parasite load in chronic chagasic patients before and after treatment. This may be the basis for the futuer establishment of reliable criteria of cure for patients undergoing therapy.


Subject(s)
Humans , Chagas Disease/drug therapy , Nitroimidazoles/therapeutic use , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Trypanocidal Agents/therapeutic use , Chagas Disease/immunology , Chronic Disease , DNA, Protozoan/analysis , Evaluation Study , Sensitivity and Specificity , Treatment Outcome
9.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop ; 28(3): 273-7, jul.-set. 1995. ilus, tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-163746

ABSTRACT

Descreve-se um caso de calazar grave resistente a dez cursos de antimonial pentavalente (glucantime) à base de 20mg de Sb5/kg/dia, que respondeu favoravelmente ao sulfato de aminosidine intramuscular na dose de 2Omg/kg/dia por 20 dias, repetido após 20 dias. O parasitismo esplênico passou de 50 parasitos por campo a 3 parasitos em 10 campos logo após a primeira série de sulfato de aminosidine, tornando-se negativo depois de sete meses. A melhora clínica foi imediata, com reduçao gradual da hepatoesplenomegalia, e desaparecimento 26 meses após. Neste período aumentou 13 kg. Após o uso de aminosidine a reaçao de Montenegro tornou-se positiva e as células mononucleares responderam quando estimuladas com antígenos de leishmânia.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adolescent , Antiprotozoal Agents/therapeutic use , Leishmaniasis, Visceral/drug therapy , Paromomycin/therapeutic use , Organometallic Compounds/therapeutic use , Follow-Up Studies , Meglumine/therapeutic use , Drug Resistance , Severity of Illness Index
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